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[CA] What determines an employee’s primary place of employment for a non-compete exclusion clause?

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To determine your primary place of employment, especially in a remote work situation, several factors can be considered. These might include where you perform the majority of your work, where your employment contract states your work location is, and where you pay state taxes. Since you've moved to California and work remotely, it's likely that California could be considered your primary place of employment, especially if you're paying state taxes there. However, it's always a good idea to confirm this with a legal professional who can consider all aspects of your situation.

Worth noting: even setting aside the "primary place of employment" question, California law independently limits enforcement of this kind of clause. Under California Business and Professions Code (CA Bus & Prof Code § 16600), non-compete provisions restraining a person from engaging in a lawful profession, trade, or business are void in California. Amendments effective January 1, 2024 (adding Sections 16600.1 and 16600.5) go further, barring employers from attempting to enforce a void non-compete against a California employee regardless of where the contract was signed or where the work was performed, and requiring written notice to affected employees that such clauses are void. This means that once California is established as the relevant place of employment, the non-compete provision would likely be unenforceable independent of the exclusion clause quoted above.

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Employment Separation (Severance) Agreement

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Employment termination contract review and questions.

Lexi

Lexi, Chatbot

I understand that dealing with employment termination can be stressful. Can you please share if you have already received a termination notice or if you are still in the process of negotiating your contract?

Received termination notice. Have questions specifically for CA too and nationwide implication. CA seems to have special clauses.

Lexi

Lexi, Chatbot

Have you had any discussions with your employer regarding the terms of your termination or any severance package?

Received it already. Need to review and understand.

Lexi

Lexi, Chatbot

Is there anything else the Employment Lawyer should know before I connect you? Rest assured they'll be able to help with your termination notice review.

No.

legalgems

legalgems

Hi! I'm LegalGems, an attorney with many years of experience. Could you tell me more about your situation with the termination notice and any specific clauses you're concerned about in California?

The employer has offered a severance package if I agree to the terms of the separation agreement. I would like a perspective on the overall terms of the separation agreement and if there are elements I should be concerned about. Secondly, some of the terms are listed as not applicable to employees in CA. I just moved from VA to CA in January 2026. I need to understand if these exclusions will apply to me or not.

legalgems

legalgems

I understand your concern about the terms that are not applicable to employees in California. If there were no qualifications other than the blanket statement that it does not apply to California employees and the employee is in California, then those terms would not apply. That would be a standard application of an exclusion clause.

Here is the specific language in the contract for one such clause.

"Non-competition. During the Severance Period (as defined in the Plan), Employee shall not, directly or indirectly, establish or engage in any business or organization, or own or control any interest in (except as a passive investor in less than one percent of the outstanding securities of publicly held companies), be employed by or act as an officer, director, consultant, advisor, or lender to, any of the following located in those geographic markets where Employee has had direct and substantial involvement in the Company's operations in such geographic markets: (i) any entity that engages in any business competitive with the business activities of the Company including, without limitation, its assisted and digital (including software) tax services businesses (Prohibited Companies), (ii) any financial institution or business where any of Employee's duties or activities would relate to or assist in providing services or products to one or more of the Prohibited Companies for use in connection with products, services or assistance being provided to customers, or (iii) any financial institution or business whose primary purpose is to provide services or products to one or more of the Prohibited Companies for use in connection with products, services or assistance being provided to customers. Without limiting clause iii, any financial institution or business whose profits or revenues from the provision of services or products to Prohibited Companies exceeds twenty-five percent (25%) of total profits or revenues, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be covered by clause iii. The restrictions in this paragraph shall not apply if Employee's primary place of employment by the Company as of the Termination Date is in California, the District of Columbia, Oklahoma, Maine, Massachusetts, Nebraska, North Dakota, Virginia, Washington, or any other state prohibiting such non-competition provisions as above."

It says, "if Employee's primary place of employment by the Company as of the Termination Date is in California." What determines the primary place of employment? I work remote and moved our residence from VA to CA in January. Is that sufficient to establish CA as the primary place of employment? Or is there something else I need to look at?

In this case, the employer's headquarters is located out of state.

legalgems

legalgems

To determine your primary place of employment, especially in a remote work situation, several factors can be considered. These might include where you perform the majority of your work, where your employment contract states your work location is, and where you pay state taxes. Since you've moved to California and work remotely, it's likely that California could be considered your primary place of employment, especially if you're paying state taxes there. However, it's always a good idea to confirm this with a legal professional who can consider all aspects of your situation.

Worth noting: even setting aside the "primary place of employment" question, California law independently limits enforcement of this kind of clause. Under California Business and Professions Code (CA Bus & Prof Code § 16600), non-compete provisions restraining a person from engaging in a lawful profession, trade, or business are void in California. Amendments effective January 1, 2024 (adding Sections 16600.1 and 16600.5) go further, barring employers from attempting to enforce a void non-compete against a California employee regardless of where the contract was signed or where the work was performed, and requiring written notice to affected employees that such clauses are void. This means that once California is established as the relevant place of employment, the non-compete provision would likely be unenforceable independent of the exclusion clause quoted above.

legalgems

legalgems

44,407 satisfied customers

legalgems
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